Ear pain, also known as otalgia, is a discomfort that affects people of all ages. It may be sharp, dull, constant, or occasional, and the cause can range from minor issues like wax buildup to more serious conditions requiring medical care. Understanding the possible reasons behind ear pain helps in identifying when to seek professional help.
1. Ear Infections
One of the most common causes of ear pain is infection.
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Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media): Often occurs after a cold or respiratory infection, leading to fluid buildup and pressure behind the eardrum.
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Outer Ear Infection (Otitis Externa/Swimmer’s Ear): Caused by bacteria or fungi in the ear canal, often due to swimming or moisture trapped in the ear.
2. Earwax Buildup
Excessive earwax can harden and block the ear canal. This creates pressure, discomfort, and sometimes hearing loss, which may feel like ear pain.
3. Throat and Sinus Infections
Because the ear, nose, and throat are closely connected, infections in the throat, tonsils, or sinuses can cause referred pain in the ear.
4. Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
The eustachian tube balances pressure in the ear. When it becomes blocked due to allergies, colds, or sinus problems, it can cause pain and a feeling of fullness.
5. Dental Problems
Tooth infections, cavities, or jaw disorders (temporomandibular joint dysfunction – TMJ) can radiate pain to the ear, making it feel like the source of the problem.
6. Injury or Trauma
Inserting objects into the ear, sudden loud noises, or physical injury can damage the ear canal or eardrum, leading to pain.
7. Air Pressure Changes
Rapid altitude changes, such as during flying, diving, or traveling in the mountains, can cause barotrauma, which leads to ear pain and pressure.
8. Skin Conditions
Eczema, psoriasis, or dermatitis affecting the ear canal may lead to irritation, itching, and soreness that feels like ear pain.
When to See a Doctor?
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Persistent or severe ear pain
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Fever or swelling around the ear
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Hearing loss or ringing in the ears
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Ear discharge (pus or blood)
If any of these symptoms are present, consult an ENT specialist or audiologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.