Vertigo is a common balance-related complaint that can affect people of all ages. It creates a false sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving, even when everything is still. Vertigo is not a disease itself, but a symptom of different inner ear or neurological conditions. The most common cause of vertigo among individuals is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV).
In this article, you will learn:
What vertigo means
Types of vertigo
What BPPV is and why it happens
Role of an audiologist in BPPV management
Preventive measures for BPPV (most important section)
Contents
What is Vertigo?
Vertigo is a spinning sensation that can make you feel unsteady or off balance. It may be accompanied by:
Dizziness
Nausea
Difficulty walking
Imbalance
Motion sickness sensation
Vertigo itself is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying condition affecting the balance system (vestibular system) of the ear or brain.
Types of Vertigo
Vertigo is mainly classified into two types:
| Type | Cause |
|---|---|
| Peripheral Vertigo | Originates from the inner ear (vestibular system). Commonly caused by BPPV. |
| Central Vertigo | Originates from the brain or central nervous system. |
Peripheral Vertigo (Most Common Type)
This type is linked to problems in the inner ear, especially the semicircular canals responsible for balance. BPPV is the most common condition under this category.
What is BPPV?
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most frequent causes of sudden, short episodes of vertigo. Symptoms are typically triggered when you move your head in certain positions, such as:
Lying down or getting up from bed
Turning while sleeping
Bending forward
Looking up or down
Why Does BPPV Occur?
Inside the inner ear, there are tiny calcium carbonate crystals called Otoconia. When these crystals get dislodged and move into the semicircular canals, they interfere with balance signals sent to the brain. As the head moves, these particles shift and stimulate tiny hair cells (cilia), causing sudden vertigo.
BPPV is usually not dangerous and often resolves over time, but proper management can reduce symptoms effectively.
Can an Audiologist Help Manage BPPV?
Yes. An audiologist is trained in vestibular evaluation and rehabilitation. They may:
Diagnose BPPV using positional tests
Recommend repositioning maneuvers (Epley, Brandt-Daroff exercises)
Guide on lifestyle modifications to prevent recurrence
Help develop balance rehabilitation exercises
Early consultation helps improve recovery and prevent falls or further episodes.
Preventive Measures for BPPV (Important)
While BPPV may not always be avoidable, certain precautions can help reduce attacks and improve safety:
✔ 1. Keep Still and Rest During Symptoms
If vertigo begins, sit or lie down immediately to prevent falls or injury.
✔ 2. Resume Activities Slowly
Avoid rushing into physical movement. Allow your balance system to stabilize.
✔ 3. Avoid Sudden Head Movements
Rapid head turns or getting up quickly may trigger vertigo episodes.
✔ 4. Avoid Reading During Attacks
Focusing the eyes while feeling dizzy can worsen nausea and spinning sensation.
✔ 5. Avoid Bright or Flashing Lights
Strong light stimulation may increase discomfort and dizziness.
✔ 6. Ask for Help When Symptoms Are Severe
During an acute episode, walking unaided may be unsafe. Assistance prevents accidents.
Conclusion
BPPV is a common, manageable, and usually temporary cause of vertigo, triggered mainly by changes in head position. Understanding its causes and preventive measures can significantly reduce discomfort and improve daily functioning. With the help of trained audiologists and proper vestibular exercises, most individuals experience noticeable relief over time.